HotPepperIndex
Carolina Reaper
Capsicum chinense

Carolina Reaper

Fort Mill, South Carolina, United States
Superhot
Also known asCarolina Reaper · HP22B · Reaper · Smokin' Ed's Carolina Reaper
Scoville
0SHU
Heat0%
1.40M–2.20M SHU · Guinness World Records / Winthrop University lab test (2017) · tested 2017-08-11

The legendary superhot pepper that held the Guinness World Record for the hottest chili pepper from 2013 to 2023.

Developed by "Smokin' Ed" Currie of PuckerButt Pepper Company, the Carolina Reaper is a Capsicum chinense cultivar famous for its extreme heat and surprisingly complex flavor. It features a distinctive gnarled, warty pod with a curved "stinger" tail. While it delivers one of the most intense and lingering burns known, many tasters first notice sweet, fruity, and floral notes with hints of cherry before the heat builds dramatically. It remained the world's hottest commercially available pepper for a decade until Currie himself created Pepper X.

Gallery

Backstory

Developed by "Smokin' Ed" Currie of PuckerButt Pepper Company in Fort Mill, South Carolina, the Carolina Reaper was created through years of careful cross-breeding starting around 2001. Currie crossed a super-hot Naga pepper (Bhut Jolokia) from the Indian subcontinent with a La Soufrière habanero-type pepper from Saint Vincent in the Caribbean. What began as an experiment to create a flavorful hot pepper unexpectedly produced one of the hottest and most distinctive varieties ever known. After stabilizing the hybrid over many generations, one plant stood out for its extreme potency and unique appearance — featuring the curved "stinger" tail that inspired the name "Reaper". It was officially certified by Guinness World Records in 2017 with an average of 1,641,183 SHU and remained the world's hottest commercially available pepper for a decade until Currie himself created its successor, Pepper X, in 2023.

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Flavor

Surprisingly sweet and fruity with cherry and floral notes at first, followed by an extremely intense, slow-building, and very long-lasting heat that many describe as "molten lava".

fruitysweetfloralcherrycinnamon

Culinary uses

extreme hot sauceseating challengestiny amounts in cookingfermented mashesspice powdersBBQ glazes

Q&A

Substitutions

ghost-pepper7-pot-primotrinidad-scorpion

Related variants

Appearance

Skin
extremely bumpy, warty and blistered
Notes
Distinctive scorpion-like tail is the signature feature
Shape
gnarled and wrinkled with prominent curved stinger tail
Pod type
chinense
Color ripe
bright red
Color unripe
dark green
Width cm avg
3.5
Length cm avg
6

Growing

Sun
full sun
Notes
Plants can reach 4-5 ft tall in ideal conditions. Warm climate or greenhouse recommended.
Soil ph
6.0-7.0
Difficulty
medium
Min temp c
18
Plant height cm
120
Days to maturity
90
Container friendly
Yes

Nutrition

Notes
Extremely high capsaicin content
Calories per 100g
40
Capsaicin benefits
anti-inflammatory and metabolism support
Vitamin c mg per 100g
150
Vitamin a mcg per 100g
290

Origin detail

Region
Fort Mill, South Carolina
Country
United States
Breeder
Ed Currie (PuckerButt Pepper Company)

Tags

superhotrecord-holderfruityed-curriepuckerbuttchallenge

Sources

Huge shout-out to the breeders, growers, researchers, and seed savers linked below — their independent work is what lets us fact-check our own. Go visit them.

These references are used to verify what we publish — not as the source of the content itself. Seed catalogs, breeder pages, research papers, and cultivar databases let us cross-check every fact before it lands here. Open any card to read the original or dig deeper.

3 sources · Added May 7, 2026, 14:50 UTC · Updated May 16, 2026, 07:43 UTC
Origins
A World of Capsicum
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