Rocoto Rojo is a hot, juicy Capsicum pubescens pepper native to the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. It features an apple- or pear-shaped form with thick, fleshy walls, black seeds, and a sweet, fruity flavor that delivers significant heat. Widely used in Peruvian and Bolivian cuisine for stuffing and sauces, it grows as a perennial tree-like plant with hairy leaves and purple flowers.

The Rocoto Rojo, also known as Red Rocoto or Red Manzano, is a vibrant red variety of the Andean rocoto pepper. Botanically classified as Capsicum pubescens, it stands out with its thick, bell-pepper-like walls that are exceptionally juicy and meaty, more reminiscent of a tomato than a typical chili. The fruits average 2 to 3 inches long and 5 to 8 centimeters in diameter, ripening from green to a deep, glossy red. Inside, the seeds are distinctly black, and the plant itself bears striking purple flowers and silky, hairy leaves that give it the species name pubescens. Heat ranges from 30,000 to 100,000 Scoville Heat Units, placing it firmly in the hot category with a median around 65,000 SHU. Flavor begins sweet and fruity with citrusy and grassy notes before the intense burn sets in. In Peruvian cuisine, it is famously prepared as Rocoto Relleno—stuffed with meat, cheese, and spices and baked—while also featuring in fresh salsas, hot sauces, ceviche, and pastes. The plants are perennial, often living several years and reaching heights up to 4 meters in ideal conditions, though they prefer cooler highland temperatures and handle light frost better than most peppers. They require well-drained soil, full sun, and moderate watering, with germination that can be slow or erratic. Historically, Capsicum pubescens varieties like the Rocoto Rojo trace back to pre-Incan times in the Andes, domesticated over 6,000 years ago and remaining a cultural staple in South America.