HotPepperIndex
Capsicum pubescens

Rocoto

Andes Mountains, Peru / Bolivia
Hot
Also known asRocoto Pepper · Locoto · Chile Rocoto · Manzano (related)
Scoville
0SHU
Heat0%
50k–250k SHU · PepperScale, Chili Pepper Madness, Wikipedia

The Rocoto (also known as Locoto or Chile Rocoto) is a distinctive, hot Andean pepper from the Capsicum pubescens species. It has thick, juicy walls, black seeds, and a unique fruity-citrus flavor that sets it apart from most other hot peppers.

Rocoto peppers are apple-shaped or pear-shaped, 1–3 inches long, with thick, meaty walls and smooth, glossy skin. They ripen from green to bright red, orange, or yellow. The plant has fuzzy leaves and produces black seeds — a hallmark of the pubescens species. Heat is hot (50,000–250,000 SHU).

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Backstory

One of the oldest cultivated pepper species in the Americas. Rocoto has been grown in the high Andes for thousands of years and is a staple in Peruvian and Bolivian cuisine. Its black seeds and fuzzy leaves are unique traits of the pubescens species, and it is remarkably cold-tolerant compared to most chilies.

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Flavor

Intensely fruity and citrusy with bright floral notes and a crisp, juicy texture. The heat is clean and builds steadily, leaving a pleasant lingering warmth that pairs beautifully with the sweet fruitiness.

fruitycitrusyfloralslightly sweetcrisp

Culinary uses

cevichesalsasstewshot saucespickledstuffingAndean dishesyellow sauces

Substitutions

manzanohabanero (different flavor)

Related variants

Appearance

Size
1-3 inches
Skin
thick, smooth, glossy
Color
green to red/orange/yellow
Flesh
thick, juicy, meaty
Shape
apple-shaped or pear-shaped

Growing

Sun
full sun
Soil
well-drained fertile
Notes
Cold-tolerant for a chili. Thrives in cooler highland climates. Produces black seeds.
Water
consistent
Harvest
pick when fully colored
Plant height
3-5 ft
Days to maturity
90-120

Nutrition

Per 100g approx
Calories: 40 · Vitamin a: high · Vitamin c: very high

Origin detail

Region
Andes
Country
Peru
Breeder
Traditional Andean landrace

Tags

andeanpubescensblack-seedsfruity-heatrocotolocotothick-walledhigh-altitude

Sources

Huge shout-out to the breeders, growers, researchers, and seed savers linked below — their independent work is what lets us fact-check our own. Go visit them.

These references are used to verify what we publish — not as the source of the content itself. Seed catalogs, breeder pages, research papers, and cultivar databases let us cross-check every fact before it lands here. Open any card to read the original or dig deeper.

3 sources · Added May 7, 2026, 14:50 UTC · Updated May 9, 2026, 13:12 UTC
Origins
A World of Capsicum
Peppers and their homelands. Tap a marker.
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